Symptoms of ADHD (Attention-Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder)

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental condition marked by a consistent pattern of inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity that disrupts daily functioning[1]. Inattention in ADHD appears as difficulty staying focused[1], daydreaming[2], frequent distraction from tasks[1], lack of persistence[1], and organizational challenges[1]. These behaviors are not due to defiance or a lack of understanding[1]. Hyperactivity is evident through excessive physical activity, such as inappropriate running around, frequent fidgeting, tapping, or excessive talking[1]. In adults, this may present as a feeling of restlessness. Impulsivity involves spontaneous actions taken without forethought, which can be potentially harmful[1]. It may result from a preference for immediate rewards or an inability to wait for delayed gratification, leading to behaviors like interrupting others or making significant decisions without considering long-term effects[1]. Symptoms of ADHD include:

1. Carelessness[2]

2. Struggling to maintain focus over extended periods[2]

3. Seeming not to listen when spoken to[2]

4. Failing to follow through with teachers' or parents' requests[2]

5. Difficulty organizing work, often appearing to miss instructions[2]

6. Avoidance of tasks that need prolonged concentration[2]

7. Misplacing items needed for completing tasks[2]

8. Getting distracted quickly[2]

9. Being forgetful in daily activities[2]

10. Restlessness or fidgeting behavior[2]

11. Difficulty remaining seated[2]

12. Inappropriate running or climbing[2]

13. Struggles to engage in quiet activities[2]

14. Appears to be constantly in motion or "on the go"[2]

15. Talks excessively[2]

16. Acts impulsively without considering the consequences[2]

17. Often blurts out in class without waiting or before a question is fully asked[2]

18. Has trouble waiting for their turn in group activities[2]

19. Frequently interrupts or intrudes on others[2]

References

1. American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). American Psychiatric Association. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596

2. Harvard Health. (2022, March 21). Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). https://www.health.harvard.edu/a_to_z/attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder-adhd-a-to-z