Seasonal affective disorder (SAD) is a form of depression linked to seasonal changes, occurring and resolving around the same time each year [2]. These symptoms typically improve during the spring and summer. In rarer cases, SAD can cause depression in the spring or early summer, which then subsides in the fall or winter [2]. SAD usually begins in adulthood, with the likelihood of developing it increasing as people get older [1]. It is uncommon in individuals under 20 years old, and women are more frequently affected than men [1]. Risk factors of seasonal affective disorder are a family history of SAD, having major depression or bipolar disorder, living far from the equator, and having a low level of vitamin D [2].
Symptoms of seasonal affective disorder include:
Increased sleep and daytime drowsiness [1]
Loss of interest and pleasure in activities formerly enjoyed [1]
Social withdrawal and increased sensitivity to rejection [1]
Grouchiness and anxiety [1]
Feelings of guilt and hopelessness [1]
Excessive tiredness (fatigue) [1]
Decreased sex drive [1]
Decreased ability to focus [1]
Trouble thinking clearly [1]
Increased appetite, especially for sweets and carbohydrates [1]
Weight gain [1]
Physical problems, such as headaches [1]
Feeling listless, sad, or down most of the day, nearly every day [2]
Having problems with sleeping too much [2]
Having difficulty concentrating [2]
Feeling hopeless, worthless, or guilty [2]
Having thoughts of not wanting to live [2]
References
Seasonal affective disorder. (n.d.). Johns Hopkins Medicine. https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/seasonal-affective-disorder#:~:text=Seasonal%20affective%20disorder%20(SAD)%20is,leading%20to%20symptoms%20of%20depression.
Seasonal affective disorder (SAD) - Symptoms & causes - Mayo Clinic. (2021, December 14). Mayo Clinic. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/seasonal-affective-disorder/symptoms-causes/syc-20364651
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