Typical treatments for ADHD generally include medication and psychological therapy[1]. A combination of these approaches is often the most effective[1]. While these treatments can help control many ADHD symptoms, they do not provide a cure[1].
Medications:
Stimulants: They enhance and regulate the level of brain chemicals known as neurotransmitters[1]. Examples are methylphenidate and amphetamine[1]. Stimulants could cause tics, substance abuse, growth delays, and cardiac risks[2]. Milder possible side effects include loss of appetite, weight loss, stomach aches, sleep disturbances, headache, and jitteriness[2].
Non-stimulants: They work slower than stimulants[1]. They can be used for patients who cannot take stimulants due to severe side effects and health challenges[1]. An example is atomoxetine[1]
Antidepressants: Like non-stimulants, they work slower than stimulants and can be used as an alternative to stimulants due to adverse effects[1]. An example is bupropion[1]
Psychological counseling:
It involves education about the disorder and coping skills. It could help to enhance time management, organizational skills, reduce impulsive behaviors, and foster problem-solving abilities[1]. It also supports coping with academic, work, or social setbacks, which can lead to increased self-esteem[1]. Additionally, therapy can offer guidance on improving relationships with family, coworkers, and friends while providing strategies for managing and controlling anger more effectively[1].
References
Adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) - Diagnosis and treatment - Mayo Clinic. (n.d.). https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/adult-adhd/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20350883
Harvard Health. (2022, March 21). Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). https://www.health.harvard.edu/a_to_z/attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder-adhd-a-to-z
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