What is bipolar 2 disorder?

Bipolar disorder, formally called manic depression, is a mental disorder characterized by changes in mood between high (hypomania or mania) and low (depressive) emotions. Hypomania is less severe than mania. A manic episode is characterized by a period of unusually and persistently high, expansive, or irritable mood along with a significant and continuous increase in activity or energy, lasting for at least one week and being present most of the day, almost daily. A manic episode could trigger psychosis. A hypomanic episode is characterized by a period of unusually and persistently high, expansive, or irritable mood along with a significant and continuous increase in activity or energy, lasting for at least 4 consecutive days and being present most of the day, almost daily.

A depressive episode is marked by feelings of sadness, hopelessness, and a lack of interest or enjoyment in activities [1]. These mood swings can impact sleep, energy levels, activity, judgment, behavior, and clear thinking[1]. Episodes of mood shifts from depression to mania/ hypomania can happen infrequently or several times a year[1]. Between episodes, some individuals experience extended periods of emotional stability, while others may frequently go through mood swings from depression to mania or even experience both depression and mania simultaneously[1].

Bipolar 2 disorder is characterized by hypomanic and depressive episodes. People with bipolar 2 disorder should have had at least 1 hypomanic episode. 3 or more of the following should be present in a hypomanic episode:

1. Inflated self-esteem.

2. Decreased need for sleep

3. More talkative than usual

4. Flight of ideas

5. Distractibility

6. Increase in goal-directed activity.

7. Excessive involvement in high-risk activity.

   
   

Bipolar symptoms may vary over time. Although bipolar disorder is a lifelong condition, you can manage mood swings and other symptoms by adhering to a treatment plan[1]. Typically, healthcare professionals treat bipolar disorder with a combination of medication and talk therapy, also known as psychotherapy[1].

References

1. Bipolar disorder - Symptoms and causes - Mayo Clinic. (2024, August 14). Mayo Clinic. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/bipolar-disorder/symptoms-causes/syc-20355955